The Helikon basses are designed to produce a strong, deep, resonant low end, making the Steirische stand out in ensemble settings and supporting the melody in traditional folk music styles. These basses are larger and more powerful than standard accordion bass reeds and are voiced in separate sound chambers, creating a vibrant, tuba-like sound that contributes to the distinctive character of the Steirische accordion. Known for its unique sound, the Steirische accordion has distinctive features such as the “ Gleichton layout“, in which only one key per scale row is unisonoric while the rest are bisonoric, and the Helikon basses (invented by Franz Lubas in 1878). These bass buttons can play bass notes and chords, producing the primary chords in both the key of the instrument and its relative harmonic minor key. It has a layout with 25 treble buttons arranged in two rows, and at least two rows of buttons on the left side, each with eight buttons. The garmon is a Russian diatonic accordion. Usually, it has 10 keys on the right side, and 2 buttons on the left-hand side: one bass note and one major chord that can be played with each movement of the bellows, resulting in a total of 2 bass notes and 2 major chords.
The Cajun accordion is a diatonic and bisonoric instrument, and the number of reeds that sound is controlled by four knobs that work as register switches. The Cajun accordion is a traditional instrument used in Cajun music, which is a genre of folk music that originated in Louisiana, USA. The term “melodeon” is often used to refer to various types of diatonic accordions like the Italian Organetto. The melodeon is commonly used in traditional English and Irish music, as well as in other genres such as folk and country. It is a type of diatonic button accordion and is characterized by its compact size and simple bass buttons layout. The Melodeon is a small, bisonoric instrument featuring from one up to 3 treble rows and, usually, 8 basses. Here’s a list of some of the most popular and widely used diatonic accordions around the world: Melodeon This diagram shows a general classification of the most common types of diatonic accordion models. This means that the accordion is limited to playing in one key at a time. They have a repeating pattern of buttons, each button corresponding to a specific note in the chosen key.
Keep in mind that not all accordions fit into neat categories and be open to discovering the unique features of each type.Īs I just said, usually but not always, diatonic accordions are bisonoric instruments, meaning that the buttons will produce a different note when the bellows is pushed or pulled.
There are even accordions that feature both bisonoric and unisonoric characteristics, such as the Schwyzerörgeli and Trikitixa.
There are bisonoric-chromatic accordions, such as the two-rows chromatic accordion, and diatonic-unisonoric accordions, like some garmons. Since most diatonic accordions are bisonoric, it’s easy to think that all diatonic accordions are bisonoric and all bisonoric accordions are diatonic, but this is not always the case. This is why they are called bisonoric, because they play two different notes depending on the direction of the bellows movement. This means that playing the same key while pushing or pulling the bellows will produce two different notes. Some other types of accordion have a set of 2 different reeds for each key, so when you push the bellows, it plays one note and when you pull the bellows, it plays another note. (Credits: Necz0r, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons) Unisonoric Accordion: There are 2 reeds for each key, one for pushing and one for pulling.
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